The Two Conditions for the Acceptance of Deeds

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شَرْطا قَبولِ العَمَل
The Two Conditions for the Acceptance of Deeds

يقول الله – تعالى – في سورة هود [الآية 7]: {وَهُوَ الَّذي خَلَقَ السَّماواتِ وَالأرْضَ في سِتَّةِ أيـَّامٍ وكانَ عَرْشُهُ عَلى الماءِ لِيَبْلُوَكُمْ أيـُّكُمْ أحْسَنُ عَمَلاً وَلَئِنْ قُلْتَ إنـَّكُمْ مَبْعوثونَ مِنْ بَعْدِ المَوْتِ لَيَقولَنَّ الَّذينَ كَفَروا إنْ هذا إلّا سِحْرٌ مُبين}

Allah (ta’ala) says in Surat Hude [11:7]: "And He is Who has created the heavens and the earth in six Days and His Throne was on the water, that He might test you, which of you is the best in deeds. But if you were to say to them: "You shall indeed be raised up after death," those who disbelieve would be sure to say, "This is nothing but obvious magic."”

ويقول – سبحانه – في سورة الكهف [الآية 7]: {إنـَّا جَعَلْنا ما عَلى الأرْضِ زِينَةً لَها لِنَبْلُوَهُمْ أيـُّهُمْ أحْسَنُ عَمَلاً}

And he says (subhanahu) in Surat Al-Kahf [18:7]: "Verily! We have made that which is on earth as an adornment for it, in order that We may test them (mankind) as to which of them are best in deeds.”

ويقول في سورة المُلْك [الآية 2]: {الَّذي خَلَقَ المَوْتَ وَالحَياةَ لِيَبْلُوَكُمْ أيـُّكُمْ أحْسَنُ عَمَلاً وَهُوَ العَزيزُ الغَفُور}

{لِيَبْلُوَكُمْ} أي: لِيَخْـتَبِرَكُمْ، {أحْسَنُ عَمَلاً} أي: خيْرٌ عملاً، ولَمْ يَقُلْ: أكثر عملاً. فمتى يكون العملُ حَسَناً؟
And He says in Surat Al-Mulk [67:2]: "Who has created death and life, that He may test you which of you is best in deeds. And He is the All-Mighty, the Oft-Forgiving.”

"Test you” meaning: try you, "best in deeds” meaning: the deeds have to be good, and He did not say: most in deeds. So, when is the deed considered good?

الجواب على هذا السؤال في الآية الأخيرة [110] مِنْ سورة الكهف، يقول – تعالى -: {قُلْ إنَّما أنا بَشَرٌ مِثْـلُكُمْ يُوحَى إلَيَّ أنَّما إلهُكُمْ إلهٌ واحِدٌ فَمَنْ كانَ يَرْجو لِقاءَ ربِّهِ فَلْيَعْمَلْ عَمَلاً صالِحاً وَلا يُشْرِكْ بِعِبادَةِ ربِّهِ أحَداً}. قال الحافظ ابنُ كثير: "{فَمَنْ كانَ يَرْجو لِقاءَ ربِّهِ} أي: ثوابَهُ وجزاءَهُ الصَّالح، {فَلْيَعْمَلْ عَمَلاً صالِحاً}: ما كانَ مُوَافِقاً لِشَرْعِ الله، {وَلا يُشْرِكْ بِعِبادَةِ ربِّهِ أحَداً}: وهو الذي يُرادُ بِهِ وَجْه الله وحده لا شريكَ له. وهذانِ رُكْنا العَمَلِ المُتَقَبَّل: [1] لا بُدَّ أنْ يكونَ خالصاً لله، [2] صواباً على شريعة رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم -".

The answer to this question is in the last verse of Surat Al-Kahf [18:110], Allah says: "110. Say (O Muhammad): "I am only a man like you. It has been inspired to me that your God is One God. So whoever hopes for the Meeting with his Lord, let him work righteousness and associate none as a partner in the worship of his Lord."”

Ibn Kathir said:
""So whoever hopes for the Meeting with his Lord” meaning: His good reward,
"let him work righteousness”, meaning: what is in accordance with the religion,
"and associate none as a partner in the worship of his Lord”, meaning: seeking Allah’s Face alone.
And these are the two pillars of the accepted deed: [1] it must be sincere for the sake of Allah, and [2] correct according to the teachings of the Messenger of Allah (Salla Allah alayh wa sallam)."

فهذانِ شرطا قبول العمل:
(1) الإخلاص لله – عزَّ وجَلَّ -، و (2) المُتابعة للرسول - صلى الله عليه وسلم -.
وهذا المعنى – نَفْسُهُ – في حديث أبي هُريرةَ – رضيَ الله عنهُ – في صحيح مُسلمٍ، قال: قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم -: ((إنَّ الله لا يَنْظُرُ إلى صُوَرِكُمْ وأموالِكُمْ، ولكن ينظرُ إلى قلوبِكُمْ وأعمالِكُمْ))، فالعبرة بما في القلوب (الإخلاص) وبالأعمال (المتابعة).


So, these are the two conditions for the acceptance of any deed:
(1) Sincerity to Allah, and
(2) Following the Messenger (Salla Allah alayh wa sallam).
And this same meaning is in the narration from Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) in Sahih Muslim, where he said: the Messenger of Allah (Salla Allah alayh wa sallam) said: "Allah does not look at your looks and your wealth, but rather looks at your hearts and your deeds”, so what counts is what is in the hearts (the sincerity), and the deeds (following the Messenger (Salla Allah alayh wa sallam)).

والمُتأمِّلُ في هذا المعنى يجدُ أنَّ الدينَ كُلَّهُ يدورُ عليه، فالمُسلمُ لا يكونُ مُسلِماً حتى يشهدَ أنْ لا إله إلّا الله (إخلاص العبادة لله وحده)، وأنَّ مُحمَّداً رسولُ الله (المُتابعة للرسول - صلى الله عليه وسلم – الذي أرسله الله إلينا لِيُعَلِّمَنا كيف نعبده، فلا نَعبُد الله إلّا بما علَّمَنا إيَّاهُ مُحمَّدٌ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -)


In contemplating about this meaning, we find that the whole religion revolves around this; the Muslim is only a Muslim if he testifies that there is no true God except Allah (Sincerity in worshipping Allah alone), and that Mohammad is the Messenger of Allah (so we follow him (Salla Allah alayh wa sallam); because Allah sent him to us to teach us how He (Allah) wants to be worshipped, so we only worship Allah by what Mohammad (Salla Allah alayh wa sallam) had taught us).

وقد فصَّلَ رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم – هذين الشرطين في أحاديث كثيرة، منها حديثان عظيمان اعتبرهما علماء المسلمين مِنَ الأحاديث التي يدور عليها الدين:

And the Messenger of Allah (Salla Allah alayh wa sallam) detailed these two conditions in many narrations, including two great narrations that the Muslim scholars considered to be from the narrations that the religion revolves around:

الحديث الأول: عن أميرِ المؤمنين أبي حفصٍ عمرَ بنِ الخَطَّاب - رضيَ الله عنه - قال: سمعتُ رسولَ الله - صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم - يقول: ((إنَّما الأعمالُ بالنِّيات، وإنَّما لِكُلِّ امرِئٍ ما نوى، فمَنْ كانت هجرتُهُ إلى الله ورسولِهِ فهجرتُهُ إلى الله ورسولِهِ، ومَنْ كانت هجرتُهُ لِدُنْيا يُصيبُها أو امرأةٍ ينْكِحُها فهجرتُهُ إلى ما هاجرَ إليه)) رواهُ البخاريُّ ومُسْلِم. وهذا حديث الإخلاص.

The first narration: from the leader of the Believers, Omar bin Al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (Salla Allah alayh wa sallam) say: "Verily! Actions are judged by the intentions behind them, and every person is rewarded according to their intention; so whoever immigrates to Allah and His Messenger, then his immigration is for Allah and His Messenger, and whoever immigrates for a worldly benefit or to marry a woman, then his immigration is for whatever he immigrated for.”

This was narrated by Bukhari and Muslim, and it is the narration of sincerity.

الحديث الثاني: عن أُمِّ المؤمنين أُمِّ عبد الله عائشةَ - رضي الله عنها - قالت: قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم -: ((مَنْ أحْدَثَ في أمْرِنا هذا ما ليسَ مِنْهُ، فَهُوَ رَدٌّ)) رواهُ البخاريُّ ومُسْلِم،
وفي روايةٍ لِمُسْلِم: ((مَنْ عَمِلَ عَمَلاً ليسَ عليهِ أمْرُنا، فَهُوَ رَدٌّ)). وهذا حديث المُتابعة.

The second narration: from the Mother of the Believers, Aaisha (radhiya Allah anha), said: the Messenger of Allah (Salla Allah alayh wa sallam) said: "whoever invents in our religion what does not belong to it, it will be rejected” narrated by Bukhari and Muslim, and in another narration by Muslim: "whoever performs a deed which is not in accordance with this affair of ours, it will be rejected.” And this is the narration of following the Messenger (Salla Allah alayh wa sallam).

قال الإمام أحمد بنُ حنبل – رحمهُ الله -: "أصولُ الإسلام على ثلاثة أحاديث: حديثِ عمرَ: ((الأعمالُ بالنِّيَّات))، وحديثِ عائشةَ: ((مَنْ أحدثَ في أمْرِنا ما ليسَ مِنْهُ، فَهُوَ رَدٌّ))، وحديثِ النُّعمانِ بنِ بشيرٍ: ((الحلالُ بَيِّنٌ وَالحَرامُ بَيِّنٌ))".

Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "The basics of Islam are found in three narrations: the narration of Omar: "Actions are judged according to the intentions behind them”, the narration of Aaisha: "whoever invents in our religion what does not belong to it, it will be rejected”, and the narration of Noman bin Bashir: "Halal (the permissible) is clear and the Haram (impermissible) is clear”."

وقالَ الحافظ ابنُ رجبٍ (توفي سنة 795 هـ) في بيانِ مَعنى كلامِ الإمام أحمد المُتَقَدِّم: " وبهذا يُعْلَمُ معنى ما رَوى الإمامُ أحمد: "أنَّ أصولَ الإسلامِ ثلاثةُ أحاديثَ: حديثُ ((إنَّما الأعمالُ بالنِّيَّات))، وحديثُ: ((مَنْ أحدثَ في أمْرِنا ما ليسَ مِنْهُ، فَهُوَ رَدٌّ))، وحديثُ: ((الحلالُ بَيِّنٌ وَالحَرامُ بَيِّنٌ))"، فإنَّ الدِّينَ كُلَّهُ يرجِعُ إلى فِعْلِ المأموراتِ، وتركِ المحظوراتِ، والتَّوَقُّفِ عَنِ الشُّبُهاتِ، وهذا كُلُّهُ تَضَمَّنَهُ حديثُ النُّعمانِ بنِ بشيرٍ. وإنَّما يَتِمُّ ذلكَ بأمْرَيْن:
[1] أحدُهُما: أنْ يكونَ العَمَلُ في ظاهِرِهِ عَلى مُوافَقَةِ السُّنَّة، وهذا هُوَ الذي يَتَضَمَّـنُهُ حديثُ عائشةَ: ((مَنْ أحدثَ في أمْرِنا ما ليسَ مِنْهُ، فَهُوَ رَدٌّ))، [فهذا ميزان الأعمال الظاهرة]
[2] والثاني: أنْ يَكونَ العَمَلُ في باطِنِهِ يُقْصَدُ بِهِ وَجْهُ الله - تعالى - كما تَضَمَّنَهُ حديثُ عمرَ: ((الأعمالُ بالنِّيَّات)). [وهذا ميزان الأعمال الباطنة]

Ibn Rajab (died: 795 after Hijrah) said in directing Imam Ahmad’s saying: "With this, we understand the meaning of what Imam Ahmad said [and he mentioned it]; because the religion is based on doing what we are ordered with, and leaving what we are forbidden from, and stopping when we are unsure; all of this is included in the narration of Noman bin Bashir. This is done by two things:
[1] First, that the action (deed) outwardlyagrees with the Sunnah, and this is what is included in the narration of Aaisha: "whoever invents in our religion what does not belong to it, it will be rejected” [so this is the scale for the apparent deeds],
[2] Second, that the action (deed) inwardlyis for the sake of Allah, as in the narration of Omar: "Actions are judged according to the intentions behind them” [and this is the scale for the hidden (unapparent) deeds]

وقال الفُضَيْلُ بنُ عِياضٍ [الثقة العابد الإمام، توفي 187 هـ] في قَوْلِهِ – تعالى -: {لِيَبْلُوَكُمْ أيـُّكُمْ أحْسَنُ عَمَلاً} [المُلك 2]، قالِ: "أخْلَصَهُ وَأصْوَبَهُ"، وقالَ: "إنَّ العَمَلَ إذا كانَ خالِصاً، ولَمْ يَكُنْ صَواباً، لَمْ يُقْبَل. وَإذا كانَ صَواباً، ولَمْ يَكُنْ خَالِصاً، لَمْ يُقْبَل حتَّى يَكونَ خالِصاً وَصَواباً"، قالَ: "والخالِصُ: إذا كانَ لله تعالى، وَالصَّوابُ: إذا كان على السُّنَّةِ".
وقد دَلَّ على هذا الذي قالَهُ الفُضَيْلُ، قولُهُ تعالى: {فَمَنْ كانَ يَرْجو لِقاءَ ربِّهِ فَلْيَعْمَلْ عَمَلاً صالِحاً وَلا يُشْرِكْ بِعِبادَةِ ربِّهِ أحَداً} [الكهف 110]." انتهى كلام الحافظ ابن رجب.

Al-Fodhail bin Iyadh [the trusted, dutiful Imam, died 187 after Hijrah] said concerning the verse "that He may test you which of you is best in deeds” [Al-Mulk (67:2)]: "the most sincere and the most correct", and said: "If the deed is sincere but not correct, it is not accepted. And if it is correct but not sincere, it is not accepted, until it is sincere and correct", and he said: "sincerity: is what is solely for the sake of Allah, and correctness: is what is in accordance with the Sunnah".

And this statement of Al-Fodhail has been pointed out in the saying of Allah: "So whoever hopes for the Meeting with his Lord, let him work righteousness and associate none as a partner in the worship of his Lord” [Al-Kahf (18:110)]".

و سبحانك اللهمَّ وبحمدك، أشهدُ أن لا إله إلّا أنت، أستغفرك وأتوب إليك.
وصلّى الله وسلَّمَ وبارَكَ على نبيِّنا محمّدٍ وعلى آله وصحبه ومَنْ اتبعهم بإحسان.
والحمدُ لله ربِّ العالمين.


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